A brief analysis of the functionality of the Colosseum in Rome

Image: Jon Whiles / FreeDigitalPhotos.net

Did the Colosseum in Rome fulfil its function as a games arena? I think it did – here are a few reasons why

Location – it’s located in a broadly central position in the city making it accessible by large numbers of the population. It’s large and highly visible so it attracts attendance.

Size - it was significant in size, holding in the region of 50,000 spectators. This meant that the games could be enjoyed by many and the sheer size of the crowd, when full, would enhance the overall atmosphere.

Access - there were a total of 76 entrances around the Colosseum’s perimeter. These were numbered suggesting some kind of ticketing system may have been in operation. These numbered entrances would do much to control the crowds and avoid bottlenecks when large numbers were arriving or departing. The large number of stairways evenly spread across the structure provides access to its different levels. Those numerous points of access allowed people to move about freely.

Seating - the Colosseum provided seating for 45,000 spectators. This meant that the vast majority of spectators had at least some level of comfort to watch what could be a lengthy event in high temperatures. Seating is also a health and safety measure - we know from our own recent experience of disasters at football ground that fully-seated stadiums have less potential for crushing injuries in crowds. Additionally, seating was arranged to reflect status – and important issue in Imperial Rome.

Shape and structure - the Colossuem is oval in shape. All viewing positions face on to the arena which sits in the centre of the building. The weight of the building was supported by large piers and arches which were around the outside of the building and below the spectator areas. This meant that all spectators had an uninterrupted view of the arena; though those at the top of the structure were significantly further from the action than others.

Shade - Italy is a warm country and the lack of a permanent roof would mean that, at some times of the day, spectators would be exposed to the heat and glare of the sun. There is some evidence of supports for a temporary cover which would reduce this potential discomfort.

Facilities for spectators - similarly there is evidence that water was made available in the building through a series of pipes leading to fountains on the landings. This would mean that spectators would have access to refreshments if required.

Facilities for performers - there is a labyrinth of passages and rooms below the floor of the arena providing facilities for the management of prisoners and animals who formed and integral part of the event.

Meeting areas - since the Roman games were very much a social event, the Colosseum also provided cloistered areas on three levels where people could meet and talk, away from the noise of the games and glare of the sun.